"Hydrogen producers are disturbances or opportunities--they are things you have to live with." ExxonMobil's Marco Andrei explored the ins and outs of refinery hydrogen flow optimization.Constraints are the minimum and maximum hydrogen production capacities, minimum and maximum purge-gas valve openings, and treat-gas compression. And some optimization opportunities are the balance or trade-off of hydrogen purity against volume, the distribution of treat gas and allocation of hydrogen to units with the highest upgrade.
Andrei identifies six ways ExxonMobil developed to capture these opportunities to optimize—ROMeo process models, best-fit, on-line model-tuning strategy, real-time pricing updates, real-time, on-line implementation, regulatory controls and daily user/workflow processes.
"ROMeo process models rigorously track hydrogen purities across the entire treat-gas network," explained Andrei. The ROMeo Model Library includes models such as source, sink, mixer, splitter and flash. Also, in-house first-principles custom models can be used to predict treat-gas composition changes, product yield or composition and reversal of treat-gas flows.
"The best-fit, on-line model tuning strategy ensures predictions to keep up with the plant," said Andrei. "It relies on the measurement model to calculate offsets between plant and model values and minimizes deviations from plant values while weighing their accuracy. Weighted offsets can be used to drive the tuning strategy for flow rates, purity analyzers and temperatures."
Economic optimization also can be driven by real-time pricing updates to determine the next moves for increased profitability. "The profit objective function equals production realizations minus feed costs minus opportunity costs. The realizations are treat gas purged to the fuel-gas system, yield upgrade incentives at high-margin hydrotreaters and steam generation. Feed costs are third-party hydrogen-purchase feeds to a hydrogen plant. The operating costs are furnace-fuel gas, steam and electricity, for example, to drive major compressors."
A real-time system also automates on-line implementation, handles operating exceptions and presents an advisory option to operations and technical. The underlying regulatory controls work together with the hydrogen system real-time optimizer (RTO) to handle a large number of constraints. "User interfaces and work processes facilitate day-to-day cooperation of operators, process engineers, planners and controls engineers," added Andrei. "This system affects the whole refinery."
RTO carries out optimization and coordinated constraint control tasks. "It benefits mechanisms by keeping the hydrogen system feasible and optimized in response to ongoing disturbances, by balancing the purchase or production of hydrogen vs. additional purging to fuel gas, by optimizing compression costs, by ensuring hydrotreaters receive optimum hydrogen purity and by providing open-loop, off-line benefits," said Andrei.
